Analyses and articles on political persecution in the German Empire (1871 to 1918)
In the historical section of politischeverfolgung.de, we look back at a key figure of political resistance: Karl Liebknecht. His fate during the German Empire (Kaiserreich) serves as a timeless example of how a state uses…
Rosa Luxemburg (1871–1919) was one of the most influential leaders of the international labor movement. Her biography serves as a prime example of how the German Empire (Kaiserreich) used criminal law and “preventive detention” to…
Friedrich Engels (1820–1895) was far more than just the “second man” alongside Karl Marx. As a radical journalist, revolutionary fighter, and military theorist, he was a primary target for the security authorities of the German…
The unification of Germany in 1871 under Kaiser Wilhelm I and his “Iron Chancellor,” Otto von Bismarck, created a powerful new nation-state. Yet, beneath the surface of industrial might and imperial ambition, the German Empire…
August Bebel (1840-1913) emerged as one of the most significant and persistent critics of the authoritarian structure of the German Empire, making him a primary target of state persecution throughout his political career. As co-founder of…