Analyses and articles on political persecution in the German Confederation during the Restoration (1815 to 1866)
After the victory over Napoleon in 1815, peace did not bring freedom to Europe. Instead, Austrian State Chancellor Klemens Wenzel…
Anyone opening the contemporary Criminal Code ($StGB$) of the Federal Republic of Germany might believe they are looking at the…
The Carlsbad Decrees represent one of the most significant instruments of political persecution in German history. Following the Napoleonic Wars…
The life of Karl Marx (1818–1883) was a decades-long struggle not only against capitalist structures but also against the administrative…
Friedrich Engels (1820–1895) was far more than just the “second man” alongside Karl Marx. As a radical journalist, revolutionary fighter,…
Following the upheaval of the Napoleonic Wars, the rulers of Europe sought to turn back the clock. The German Confederation (Deutscher…